最近折騰Html5游戲需要離線存儲功能,便把目前可用的幾種Html5存儲方式研究了下,基於HT for Web寫了個綜合的實例,分別利用了CookIE、WebStorage、IndexedDB以及FileSystem四種本地離線存儲方式,對燃氣監控系統的表計位置、朝向、開關以及表值等信息做了CURD的存取操作。
Html5的存儲還有一種Web SQL Database方式,雖然還有浏覽器支持,是唯一的關系數據庫結構的存儲,但W3C以及停止對其的維護和發展,所以這裡我們也不再對其進行介紹:Beware. This specification is no longer in active maintenance and the Web Applications Working Group does not intend to maintain it further.
整個示例主要就是將HT for Web的DataModel數 據模型信息進行序列化和反序列化,這個過程很簡單通過dataModel.serialize()將模型序列化成JSON字符串,通過 dataModel.deserialize(jsonString)將JSON字符串內存反序列化出模型信息,而存儲主要就是主要就是針對JSON字符 串進行操作。
先介紹最簡單的存儲方式LocalStorage,代碼如下,幾乎不用介紹就是Key-Value的簡單鍵值對存儲結構,Web Storage除了localStorage的持久性存儲外,還有針對本次回話的sessionStorage方式,一般情況下localStorage較為常用,更多可參考 http://www.w3.org/TR/webstorage/
function save(dataModel){
var value = dataModel.serialize();
window.localStorage["DataModel"] = value;
window.localStorage["DataCount"] = dataModel.size();
console.log(dataModel.size() + " datas are saved");
return value;
}
function restore(dataModel){
var value = window.localStorage["DataModel"];
if(value){
dataModel.deserialize(value);
console.log(window.localStorage["DataCount"] + " datas are restored");
return value;
}
return "";
}
function clear(){
if(window.localStorage["DataModel"]){
console.log(window.localStorage["DataCount"] + " datas are cleared");
delete window.localStorage["DataModel"];
delete window.localStorage["DataCount"];
}
}
最古老的存儲方式為CookIE,本例中我只能保存一個圖元的信息,這種存儲方式存儲內容很有限,只適合做簡單信息存儲,存取接口設計得極其反人類,為了介紹Html5存儲方案的完整性我順便把他給列上:
function getCookIEValue(name) {
if (document.cookIE.length > 0) {
var start = document.cookIE.indexOf(name + "=");
if (start !== -1) {
start = start + name.length + 1;
var end = document.cookIE.indexOf(";", start);
if (end === -1){
end = document.cookIE.length;
}
return unescape(document.cookIE.substring(start, end));
}
}
return "";
}
function save(dataModel) {
var value = dataModel.serialize();
document.cookIE = "DataModel=" + escape(value);
document.cookIE = "DataCount=" + dataModel.size();
console.log(dataModel.size() + " datas are saved");
return value;
}
function restore(dataModel){
var value = getCookIEValue("DataModel");
if(value){
dataModel.deserialize(value);
console.log(getCookIEValue("DataCount") + " datas are restored");
return value;
}
return "";
}
function clear() {
if(getCookIEValue("DataModel")){
console.log(getCookIEValue("DataCount") + " datas are cleared");
document.cookIE = "DataModel=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC";
document.cookIE = "DataCount=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC";
}
}
如今比較實用強大的存儲方式為Indexed Database API,IndexedDB 可以存儲結構對象,可構建key和index的索引方式查找,目前各浏覽器的已經逐漸支持IndexedDB的存儲方式,其使用代碼如下,需注意 IndexedDB的很多操作接口類似NodeJS的異步回調方式,特別是查詢時連cursor的continue都是異步再次回調onsuccess函 數的操作方式,因此和NodeJS一樣使用上不如同步的代碼容易。
request = indexedDB.open("DataModel");
request.onupgradeneeded = function() {
db = request.result;
var store = db.createObjectStore("meters", {keyPath: "id"});
store.createIndex("by_tag", "tag", {unique: true});
store.createIndex("by_name", "name");
};
request.onsuccess = function() {
db = request.result;
};
function save(dataModel){
var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readwrite");
var store = tx.objectStore("meters");
dataModel.each(function(data){
store.put({
id: data.getId(),
tag: data.getTag(),
name: data.getName(),
meterValue: data.a("meter.value"),
meterAngle: data.a("meter.angle"),
p3: data.p3(),
r3: data.r3(),
s3: data.s3()
});
});
tx.oncomplete = function() {
console.log(dataModel.size() + " datas are saved");
};
return dataModel.serialize();
}
function restore(dataModel){
var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readonly");
var store = tx.objectStore("meters");
var req = store.openCursor();
var nodes = [];
req.onsuccess = function() {
var res = req.result;
if(res){
var value = res.value;
var node = createNode();
node.setId(value.id);
node.setTag(value.tag);
node.setName(value.name);
node.a({
"meter.value": value.meterValue,
"meter.angle": value.meterAngle
});
node.p3(value.p3);
node.r3(value.r3);
node.s3(value.s3);
nodes.push(node);
res.continue();
}else{
if(nodes.length){
dataModel.clear();
nodes.forEach(function(node){
dataModel.add(node);
});
console.log(dataModel.size() + " datas are restored");
}
}
};
return "";
}
function clear(){
var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readwrite");
var store = tx.objectStore("meters");
var req = store.openCursor();
var count = 0;
req.onsuccess = function(event) {
var res = event.target.result;
if(res){
store.delete(res.value.id);
res.continue();
count++;
}else{
console.log(count + " datas are cleared");
}
};
}
最後是FileSystem API相當於操作本地文件的存 儲方式,目前支持浏覽器不多,其接口標准也在發展制定變化中,例如在我寫這個代碼時大部分文獻使用的webkitStorageInfo已被 navigator.webkitPersistentStorage和navigator.webkitTemporaryStorage替代,存儲的 文件可通過filesystem:http://www.hightopo.com/persistent/meters.txt’的URL方式在 Chrome浏覽器中查找到,甚至可通過filesystem:http://www.hightopo.com/persistent/類似目錄的訪 問,因此也可以動態生成圖片到本地文件,然後通過filesystem:http:***的URL方式直接賦值給img的Html元素的src訪問,因此 本地存儲打開了一扇新的門,相信以後會冒出更多稀奇古怪的奇葩應用。
navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.queryUsageAndQuota(function (usage, quota) {
console.log("PERSISTENT: " + usage + "/" + quota + " - " + usage / quota + "%");
}
);
navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.requestQuota(2 * 1024 * 1024,
function (grantedBytes) {
window.webkitRequestFileSystem(window.PERSISTENT, grantedBytes,
function (fs) {
window.fs = fs;
});
}
);
function save(dataModel) {
var value = dataModel.serialize();
fs.root.getFile("meters.txt", {create: true}, function (fileEntry) {
console.log(fileEntry.toURL());
fileEntry.createWriter(function (fileWriter) {
fileWriter.onwriteend = function () {
console.log(dataModel.size() + " datas are saved");
};
var blob = new Blob([value], {type: "text/plain"});
fileWriter.write(blob);
});
});
return value;
}
function restore(dataModel) {
fs.root.getFile("meters.txt", {}, function (fileEntry) {
fileEntry.file(function (file) {
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.onloadend = function (e) {
dataModel.clear();
dataModel.deserialize(reader.result);
console.log(dataModel.size() + " datas are restored");
};
reader.readAsText(file);
});
});
return "";
}
function clear() {
fs.root.getFile("meters.txt", {create: false}, function(fileEntry) {
fileEntry.remove(function() {
console.log(fileEntry.toURL() + " is removed");
});
});
}
Browser-Side的存儲方式還在快速的發展中,其實除了以上幾種外還有Application Cache,相信將來還會有新秀出現,雖然“雲”是大趨勢,但客戶端並非要走極端的“瘦”方案,這麼多年冒出了這麼多客戶端存儲方式,說明讓客戶端更強大 的市場需求是強烈的,當然目前動蕩階段苦逼的是客戶端程序員,除了要適配Mouse和Touch,還要適配各種屏,如今還得考慮適配各種存儲,希望本文能 在大家選型客戶端存儲方案時有點幫助,最後上段基於HT for Web操作Html5存儲示例的視頻效果:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XODUzODU2MTY0.Html