微信端口及協議分析(java、C版)
編輯：關於JavaScript
有朋友公司需求如下，手機通過WIFI連接上網，而老板要求，員工使用手機只能上微信，而不能上其他網頁和看在線視頻。上網搜索了微信使用協議和端口。
微信通過TCP方式來進行通訊。
TCP通訊方式分析
通訊端口分析
遠程通訊端口范圍: 80，443，80,443,8080。
HTTP方式分析
在特征分析中，發現微信會采用HTTP協議進行通訊。
連接的主機（Host）（正則表達式）為：^short\.weixin\.qq\.com，^(mmsns|mmbiz)\.qpic\.cn。
TLS方式分析
在特征分析中，發現微信會采用TLS協議進行通訊。
連接的TLS主機（正則表達式）為：^(wx|weixin|res\.wx)\.qq\.com。
這個協議只是用來檢測和屏蔽微信的，不能監控聊天記錄內容。
來源：笨驢技術
安桌手機，可以用tcpdump進行抓包。。分析！！
初步分析結果：
使用80、8080，登陸和交互。
使用：tcp 14000 端口 SCOTTY High-Speed Filetransferscotty-ft 發送語音文件
TCP: 5222 5223 5228 80 8080 443
來源：http://bbs.51cto.com/thread-1031608-1.html
微信、手機QQ網絡行為簡析
測試環境：
智能手機一部（打開wifi關閉gprs） —-> Linux wifi 熱點 —-> 公網
分析手段：
在linux 上用tcpdump抓包，用wireshark分析抓到的數據
在linux上用iptables阻斷特定流量，模擬網絡故障，分別模擬了攔截udp 53/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp 14000/tcp全攔截等各種情況以及他們的組合
通過 adb shell在手機內執行netstat了解手機網絡鏈接情況
微信網絡行為：
程序啟動後，優先嘗試DNS解析特定域名（support.weixin.qq.com，short.weixin.qq.com，long.weixin.qq.com，wx.qlogo.cn）;
如果DNS查詢不可用，程序轉為使用hardcode的ip鏈接服務；
如果dns可用，返回的ip為根據ISP智能解析的結果，程序使用返回的ip鏈接服務;
程序僅在注冊階段使用https鏈接，內容不詳;
程序使用tcp 80/8080鏈接服務器，其中80為http協議，8080為未知協議;
80/8080兩個端口同時或任何單獨一個，均可提供服務;
80端口為短鏈接，8080為長鏈接， 程序會優先使用8080端口;
沒有使用udp傳輸數據;
當1-2次發送失敗時，客戶端會彈出提示“當前網絡狀況不好，是否提交反饋數據”，確認後客戶端試圖通過web提交反饋數據;
手機qq網絡行為：
僅列出跟微信不同之處
嘗試的域名不同： monitor.uu.qq.com，3gimg.qq.com， msfwifi.3g.qq.com， kiss.3g.qq.com;
除了80/8080外，還有tcp 14000，功能與8080相同;
程序會優先嘗試80/8080,只有這兩個不可用時，才嘗試14000;
其余同微信;
來源：http://noops.me/?p=327
方案設想：只開放以上端口，其他上也是全部開放了，在上網出口處加上網行為管理設備或者軟件進行控制，只允許以下正則的網址通行：
^short\.weixin\.qq\.com，^(mmsns|mmbiz)\.qpic\.cn
^(wx|weixin|res\.wx)\.qq\.com
以下是軟件實現方式
微信協議小結
http://www.jb51.net/article/96811.htm
發布的消息對應一個ID（只要單個方向唯一即可，服務器端可能會根ID判斷重復接收），消息重傳機制確保有限次的重試，重試失敗給予用戶提示，發送成功會反饋確認，客戶端只有收到確認信息才知道發送成功。發送消息可能不會產生新SyncKey。
基於版本號（SynKey）的狀態消息同步機制，增量、有序傳輸需求水到渠成。長連接通知/短連接獲取、確認等，交互方式簡單，確保了消息可靠譜、准確無誤到達。
客戶端/服務器端都會存儲消息ID處理記錄，避免被重復消費客戶端獲取最新消息，但未確認，服務器端不會認為該消息被消費掉。下次客戶端會重新獲取，會查詢當前消息是否被處理過。根據一些現象猜測。
總體上看，微信協議跨平台（TCP或HTPP都可呈現，處理方式可統一），通過“握手”同步，很可靠，無論哪一個平台都可以支持的很好微信協議最小成本為16字節，大部分時間若干個消息包和在一起，批量傳輸。微信協議說不上最簡潔，也不是最節省流量，但是非常成功的。
若服務器檢測到一些不確定因素，可能會導致微啟用安全套接層SSL協議進行常規的TCP長連接傳輸。短連接都沒有發生變化
發送消息方式
發送消息走已經建立的TCP長連接通道，發送消息到服務器，然後接受確認信息等，產生一次交互。
小伙伴接收到信息閱讀也都會收到服務器端通知，產生一次交互等。
可以確定，微信發送消息走TCP長連接方式，因為不對自身狀態數據產生影響，應該不交換SyncKey。
在低速網絡下，大概會看到消息發送中的提示，屬於消息重發機制
網絡不好有時客戶端會出現發送失敗的紅色感歎號
已發送到服務器但未收到確認的消息，客戶端顯示紅色感歎號，再次重發，服務器作為重復消息處理，反饋確認
上傳圖片，會根據圖片大小，分割成若干部分（大概1.5K被劃分為一部分），同一時間點，客戶端會發起若干次POST請求，各自上傳成功之後，服務器大概會合並成一個完整圖片，返回一個縮略圖，顯示在APP聊天窗口內。APP作為常規的文字消息發送到服務器端上傳音頻，則單獨走TCP通道，一個兩秒的錄制音頻，客戶端錄制完畢，分為兩塊傳輸，一塊最大1.5K左右，服務端響應一條數據通知確認收到。共三次數據傳輸。
音頻和純文字信息一致，都是走TCP長連接，客戶端發送，服務器端確認。
微信協議簡單調研筆記如下介紹：
前言
微信可調研點很多，這裡僅僅從協議角度進行調研，會涉及到微信協議交換、消息收發等。所謂“弱水三千，只取一瓢”吧。
雜七雜八的，有些長，可直接拉到最後看結論好了。
一。微信協議概覽
微信傳輸協議，官方
公布甚少，在微信技術總監所透漏PPT《微信之道—至簡》文檔中，有所體現。
純個人理解：
因張小龍做郵箱Foxmail起家，繼而又做了QQ Mail等，QQ Mail是國內第一個支持Exchange ActiveSync協議的免費郵箱，基於其從業背景，微信從一開始就采取基於ActiveSync的修改版狀態同步協議Sync，也就再自然不過了。
一句話：增量式、按序、可靠的狀態同步傳輸的微信協議。
大致交換簡圖如下：
如何獲取新數據呢：
服務器端通知，客戶端獲取
客戶端攜帶最新的SyncKey，發起數據請求
服務器端生成最新的SyncKey連同最新數據發送給客戶端
基於版本號機制同步協議，可確保數據增量、有序傳輸
SyncKey，由服務器端序列號生成器生成，一旦有新消息產生，將會產生最新的SyncKey。類似於版本號
服務器端通知有狀態更新，客戶端主動獲取自從上次更新之後有變動的狀態數據，增量式，順序式。
二。微信Web端簡單調試
在線版本微信：
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/
通過Firefox + Firebug組合調試，也能證實了微信大致通過交換SyncKey方式獲取新數據的論述。
1. 發起GET長連接檢測是否存在新的需要同步的數據
會攜帶上最新SyncKey
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck?callback=jQuery18306073923335455973_1393208247730&r=1393209241862&sid=s7c%2FsxpGRSihgZAA&uin=937355&deviceid=e542565508353877&synckey=1_620943725%7C2_620943769%7C3_620943770%7C11_620942796%7C201_1393208420%7C202_1393209127%7C1000_1393203219&_=1393209241865
返回內容：
window.synccheck={retcode:"0",selector:"2"}
selector值大於0，表示有新的消息需要同步。
據目測，心跳周期為27秒左右。
2. 一旦有新數據，客戶端POST請求主動獲取同步的數據
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync?sid=s7c%2FsxpGRSihgZAA&r=1393208447375
攜帶消息體：
{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"s7c/sxpGRSihgZAA"},"SyncKey":{"Count":6,"List":[{"Key":1,"Val":620943725},{"Key":2,"Val":620943767},{"Key":3,"Val":620943760},{"Key":11,"Val":620942796},{"Key":201,"Val":1393208365},{"Key":1000,"Val":1393203219}]},"rr":1393208447374}
會攜帶上最新的SyncKey，會返回復雜結構體JSON內容。
但浏覽端收取到消息之後，如何通知服務器端已確認收到了？Web版本微信，沒有去做。
在以往使用過程中，曾發現WEB端有丟失消息的現象，但屬於偶爾現象。但Android微信客戶端（只要登陸連接上來之後）貌似就沒有丟失過。
3. 發送消息流程
發起一個POST提交，用於提交用戶需要發送的消息
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsendmsg?sid=lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo&r=1393988414386
發送內容：
{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo","Skey":"A6A1ECC6A7DE59DEFF6A05F226AA334DECBA457887B25BC6","DeviceID":"e937227863752975"},"Msg":{"FromUserName":"yongboy","ToUserName":"hehe057854","Type":1,"Content":"hello","ClientMsgId":1393988414380,"LocalID":1393988414380}}
相應內容：
{
"BaseResponse": {
"Ret": 0,
"ErrMsg": ""
}
,
"MsgID": 1020944348,
"LocalID": "1393988414380"
}
再次發起一個POST請求，用於申請最新SyncKey
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync?sid=lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo&r=1393988414756
發送內容：
{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo"},"SyncKey":{"Count":6,"List":[{"Key":1,"Val":620944310},{"Key":2,"Val":620944346},{"Key":3,"Val":620944344},{"Key":11,"Val":620942796},{"Key":201,"Val":1393988357},{"Key":1000,"Val":1393930108}]},"rr":1393988414756}
響應的（部分）內容：
"SKey": "8F8C6A03489E85E9FDF727ACB95C93C2CDCE9FB9532FC15B"
終止GET長連接，使用最新SyncKey再次發起一個新的GET長連接
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck?callback=jQuery1830245810089652082181393988305564&r=1393988415015&sid=lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo&uin=937355&deviceid=e937227863752975&synckey=1620944310%7C2620944348%7C3620944344%7C11620942796%7C2011393988357%7C10001393930108&=1393988415016
三。微信Android簡單分析
Windows桌面端Android虛擬機中運行最新版微信(5.2)，通過tcpdump/Wireshark組合封包分析，以下為分析結果。
0. 初始連接記錄
簡單記錄微信啟動之後請求：
11:20:35 dns查詢
dns.weixin.qq.com
返回一組IP地址
11:20:35 DNS查詢
long.weixin.qq.com
返回一組IP地址，本次通信中，微信使用了最後一個IP作為TCP長連接的連接地址。
11:20:35
http://dns.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/newgetdns?uin=0&clientversion=620888113&scene=0&net=1
用於請求服務器獲得最優IP路徑。服務器通過結算返回一個xml定義了域名:IP對應列表。仔細閱讀，可看到微信已經開始了國際化的步伐：香港、加拿大、韓國等。
具體文本，請參考：https://gist.github.com/yongboy/9341884
11:20:35
獲取到long.weixin.qq.com最優IP，然後建立到101.227.131.105的TCP長連接
11:21:25
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/getprofile HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)
返回一個名為“micromsgresp.dat”的附件，估計是未閱讀的離線消息
11:21:31
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/whatsnews HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)
大概是資訊、訂閱更新等
中間進行一些資源請求等，類似於
GET http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7NR4TYFcoNjbxZpfO9aiaE7RU5lXGUw13SMicL6iacWIf2A/96
圖片等一些靜態資源都會被分配到wx.qlogo.cn域名下面
不明白做什麼用途
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/downloadpackage HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)
輸出為micromsgresp.dat文件
11:21:47
GET http://support.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmsupport-bin/reportdevice?channel=34&deviceid=A952001f7a840c2a&clientversion=620888113&platform=0&lang=zh_CN&installtype=0 HTTP/1.1
返回chunked分塊數據
11:21:49
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)
1. 心跳頻率約為5分鐘
上次使用Wireshark分析有誤（得出18分鐘結論），再次重新分析，心跳頻率在5分鐘左右。
2. 登陸之後，會建立一個長連接，端口號為8080
簡單目測為HTTP，初始以為是雙通道HTTP，難道是自定義的用於雙通道通信的HTTP協議嗎，網絡上可見資料都是模稜兩可、語焉不詳。
具體查看長連接初始數據通信，沒有發現任何包含"HTTP"字樣的數據，以為是微信自定義的TCP/HTTP通信格式。據分析，用於可能用於獲取數據、心跳交換消息等用途吧。這個後面會詳談微信是如何做到的。
2.0 初始消息傳輸
個人資料、離線未閱讀消息部分等通過 POST HTTP短連接單獨獲取。
2.1 二進制簡單分析
抽取微信某次HTTP協議方式通信數據，16進制表示，每兩個靠近的數字為一個byte字節：
2014-03-03_15h07_30
微信協議可能如下：
一個消息包 = 消息頭 + 消息體
消息頭固定16字節長度，消息包長度定義在消息頭前4個字節中。
單純摘取第0000行為例，共16個字節的頭部:
00 00 00 10 00 10 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 0f
16進制表示，每兩個緊挨著數字代表一個byte字節。
微信消息包格式： 1. 前4字節表示數據包長度，可變 值為16時，意味著一個僅僅包含頭部的完整的數據包（可能表示著預先定義好的業務意義），後面可能還有會別的消息包 2. 2個字節表示頭部長度，固定值，0x10 = 16 3. 2個字節表示謝意版本，固定值，0x01 = 1 4. 4個字節操作說明數字，可變 5. 序列號，可變 6. 頭部後面緊跟著消息體，非明文，加密形式 7. 一個消息包，最小16 byte字節
通過上圖（以及其它數據多次采樣）分析：
0000 - 0040為單獨的數據包
0050行為下一個數據包的頭部，前四個字節值為0xca = 202，表示包含了從0050-0110共202個字節數據
一次數據發送，可能包含若干子數據包
換行符\n，16進制表示為0x0a，在00f0行，包含了兩個換行符號
一個數據體換行符號用於更細粒度的業務數據分割 是否蒙對，需要問問做微信協議的同學
所有被標記為HTTP協議通信所發送數據都包含換行符號
2.2 動手試試猜想，模擬微信TCP長連接
開始很不解為什麼會出現如此怪異的HTTP雙通道長連接請求，難道基於TCP通信，然後做了一些手腳？很常規的TCP長連接，傳輸數據時(不是所有數據傳輸)，被wireshark誤認為HTTP長連接。這個需要做一個實驗證實一下自己想法，設想如下：
寫一個Ping-Pong客戶端、服務器端程序，然後使用Wireshark看一下結果，是否符合判斷。
Java版本的請求端，默認請求8080端口：
<span style="font-size:12px;"><pre class="line-pre" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important;"><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC1"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">/**</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC2"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * Ping Client</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC3"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * @author nieyong</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC4"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> */</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC5"><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="n">com</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">learn</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC6"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC7"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC8"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC9"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC10"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC11"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC12"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC13"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC14"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelOption</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC15"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC16"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC17"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC18"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC19"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC20"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC21"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC22"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="nc" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">extends</span> <span class="n">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC23"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">ByteBuf</span> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC24"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC25"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC26"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">PooledByteBufAllocator</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">DEFAULT</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">buffer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">22</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC27"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC28"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// weixin 16 byte's header</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC29"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC30"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC31"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC32"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">16</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC33"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC34"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC35"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">16</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC36"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC37"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC38"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC39"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC40"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC41"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC42"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC43"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">6</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC44"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC45"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC46"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC47"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC48"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC49"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC50"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// just for /n</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC51"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="sc" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">'\n'</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// 1 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC52"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC53"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// footer 16 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC54"> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">welcome</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"hello"</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// 5 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC55"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeBytes</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">welcome</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">getBytes</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC56"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC57"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC58"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC59"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelActive</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC60"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeAndFlush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC61"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC62"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC63"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC64"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelRead</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">Object</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC65"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC66"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">executor</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">schedule</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Runnable</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC67"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC68"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC69"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeAndFlush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC70"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC71"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">},</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">TimeUnit</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">SECONDS</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC72"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC73"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC74"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC75"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelReadComplete</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC76"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">flush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC77"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC78"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC79"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC80"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">exceptionCaught</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">Throwable</span> <span class="n">cause</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC81"> <span class="n">System</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">err</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">println</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"Unexpected exception from downstream :"</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC82"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">+</span> <span class="n">cause</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">getMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC83"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">close</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC84"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC85"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC86"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC87"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="nc" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC88"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC89"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC90"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC91"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC92"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC93"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">this</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC94"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">this</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC95"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC96"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC97"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC98"> <span class="n">EventLoopGroup</span> <span class="n">group</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC99"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">try</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC100"> <span class="n">Bootstrap</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Bootstrap</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC101"> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">NioSocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">class</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC102"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">option</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelOption</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">TCP_NODELAY</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kc" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC103"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">handler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="n">ChannelInitializer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span><span class="n">SocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">>()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC104"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC105"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">initChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">SocketChannel</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC106"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC107"> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">pipeline</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">addLast</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC108"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC109"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">});</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC110"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC111"> <span class="n">ChannelFuture</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">connect</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">sync</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC112"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC113"> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">closeFuture</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">sync</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC114"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">finally</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC115"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// Shut down the event loop to terminate all threads.</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC116"> <span class="n">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">shutdownGracefully</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC117"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC118"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC119"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC120"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">main</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC121"> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"127.0.0.1"</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC122"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">8080</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC123"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC124"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">length</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">3</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC125"> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">];</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC126"> <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">parseInt</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">]);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC127"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC128"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC129"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC130"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC131"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div></span>
C語言版本的服務器程序，收到什麼發送什麼，沒有任何邏輯，默認綁定8080端口：
<span style="font-size:12px;"><pre class="line-pre" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important;"><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC1"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">/**</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC2"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * nieyong@youku.com</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC3"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * how to compile it:</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC4"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * gcc pong_server.c -o pong_server /usr/local/lib/libev.a -lm </span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC5"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> */</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC6"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <arpa/inet.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC7"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <stdlib.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC8"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <stdio.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC9"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <string.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC10"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <fcntl.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC11"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <errno.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC12"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <err.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC13"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <unistd.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC14"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC15"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include "../include/ev.h"</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC16"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC17"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">server_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">8080</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC18"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC19"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC20"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC21"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC22"> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC23"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC24"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC25"><span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC26"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC27"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">ws</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC28"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC29"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC30"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F_GETFL</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC31"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC32"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC33"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC34"> <span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">|=</span> <span class="n">O_NONBLOCK</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC35"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F_SETFL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC36"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC37"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC38"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC39"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC40"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC41"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">read_cb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC42"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC43"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC44"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">char</span> <span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1024</span><span class="p">];</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC45"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">revents</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC46"> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1024</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC47"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC48"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC49"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_ERROR</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC50"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"error event in read</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC51"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC52"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC53"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC54"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC55"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC56"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"read error</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC57"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_A_</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC58"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC59"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC60"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC61"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC62"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC63"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"client disconnected.</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC64"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_A_</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC65"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC66"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC67"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC68"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC69"> <span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC70"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC71"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC72"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">accept_cb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC73"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr_in</span> <span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC74"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">socklen_t</span> <span class="n">client_len</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC75"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">client_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">accept</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client_len</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC76"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC77"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"the client_fd is NULL !</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC78"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC79"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC80"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC81"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span><span class="p">));</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC82"> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">client_fd</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC83"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC84"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"failed to set client socket to non-blocking"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC85"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC86"> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC87"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC88"> <span class="n">ev_io_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">read_cb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC89"> <span class="n">ev_io_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC90"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC91"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC92"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">char</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC93"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC94"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">while</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">getopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"p:"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">!=</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC95"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC96"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">case</span> <span class="sc" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">'p'</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">:</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC97"> <span class="n">server_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">optarg</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC98"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">break</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC99"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC100"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC101"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC102"> <span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">ev_default_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC103"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr_in</span> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC104"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC105"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">listen_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">socket</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SOCK_STREAM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC106"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC107"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"listen failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC108"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setsockopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SOL_SOCKET</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SO_REUSEADDR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC109"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"setsockopt failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC110"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC111"> <span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">));</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC112"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_family</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC113"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">s_addr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">INADDR_ANY</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC114"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">htons</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">server_port</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC115"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC116"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC117"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"bind failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC118"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC119"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"listen failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC120"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC121"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"failed to set server socket to non-blocking"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC122"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC123"> <span class="n">ev_io_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">accept_cb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC124"> <span class="n">ev_io_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC125"> <span class="n">ev_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC126"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC127"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC128"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC129"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC130"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC131"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC132"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="nb" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC133"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"the client is NULL !!!!!!"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC134"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC135"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC136"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC137"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC138"> <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC139"> <span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC140"><span class="p">}</span></div></span>
這裡有一個現場圖：
可以嘗試稍微改變輸出內容，去除換行符“\n”，把端口換成9000，試試看，就會發現Wireshark輸出不同的結果來。
2.3 結論是什麼呢？
若使用原始TCP進行雙向通信，則需要滿足以下條件，可以被類似於Wireshark協議攔截器誤認為是HTTP長連接：
使用80/8080端口（81/3128/8000經測試無效） 也許8080一般被作為WEB代理服務端口，微信才會享用這個紅利吧。
輸出的內容中，一定要包含換行字符"\n"
因此，可以定性為微信使用了基於8080端口TCP長連接，一旦數據包中含有換行"\n"符號，就會被Wireshark誤認為HTTP協議。可能微信是無心為之吧。
3. 新消息獲取方式
TCP長連接接收到服務器通知有新消息需要獲取
APP發起一個HTTP POST請求獲取新狀態消息，會帶上當前SyncKey 地址為：http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy HTTP/1.1，看不到明文
APP獲取到新的消息，會再次發起一次HTTP POST請求，告訴服務器已確認收到，同時獲取最新SyncKey 地址為：http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/kvreport，看不到明文
接受一個消息，TCP長連接至少交互兩次，客戶端發起兩次HTTP POST請求 具體每次交互內容是什麼，有些模糊
服務器需要支持：狀態消息獲取標記，狀態消息確認收取標記。只有被確認收到，此狀態消息才算是被正確消費掉
多個不同設備同一賬號同時使用微信，同一個狀態消息會會被同時分發到多個設備上
此時消息請求截圖如下：
4. 發送消息方式
發送消息走已經建立的TCP長連接通道，發送消息到服務器，然後接受確認信息等，產生一次交互。
小伙伴接收到信息閱讀也都會收到服務器端通知，產生一次交互等。
可以確定，微信發送消息走TCP長連接方式，因為不對自身狀態數據產生影響，應該不交換SyncKey。
在低速網絡下，大概會看到消息發送中的提示，屬於消息重發機制
網絡不好有時客戶端會出現發送失敗的紅色感歎號
已發送到服務器但未收到確認的消息，客戶端顯示紅色感歎號，再次重發，服務器作為重復消息處理，反饋確認
上傳圖片，會根據圖片大小，分割成若干部分（大概1.5K被劃分為一部分），同一時間點，客戶端會發起若干次POST請求，各自上傳成功之後，服務器大概會合並成一個完整圖片，返回一個縮略圖，顯示在APP聊天窗口內。APP作為常規的文字消息發送到服務器端上傳音頻，則單獨走TCP通道，一個兩秒的錄制音頻，客戶端錄制完畢，分為兩塊傳輸，一塊最大1.5K左右，服務端響應一條數據通知確認收到。共三次數據傳輸。音頻和純文字信息一致，都是走TCP長連接，客戶端發送，服務器端確認。
四。微信協議小結
發布的消息對應一個ID（只要單個方向唯一即可，服務器端可能會根ID判斷重復接收），消息重傳機制確保有限次的重試，重試失敗給予用戶提示，發送成功會反饋確認，客戶端只有收到確認信息才知道發送成功。發送消息可能不會產生新SyncKey。
基於版本號（SynKey）的狀態消息同步機制，增量、有序傳輸需求水到渠成。長連接通知/短連接獲取、確認等，交互方式簡單，確保了消息可靠譜、准確無誤到達。
客戶端/服務器端都會存儲消息ID處理記錄，避免被重復消費客戶端獲取最新消息，但未確認，服務器端不會認為該消息被消費掉。下次客戶端會重新獲取，會查詢當前消息是否被處理過。根據一些現象猜測。
總體上看，微信協議跨平台（TCP或HTPP都可呈現，處理方式可統一），通過“握手”同步，很可靠，無論哪一個平台都可以支持的很好微信協議最小成本為16字節，大部分時間若干個消息包和在一起，批量傳輸。微信協議說不上最簡潔，也不是最節省流量，但是非常成功的。
若服務器檢測到一些不確定因素，可能會導致微啟用安全套接層SSL協議進行常規的TCP長連接傳輸。短連接都沒有發生變化
以上，根據有限資料和數據攔截觀察總結得出，啰啰嗦嗦，勉強湊成一篇，會存在一些不正確之處，歡迎給予糾正。在多次
五。附錄
Microsoft Exchange Active Sync協議，簡稱EAS，分為folderrsync(同步文件夾目錄，即郵箱內有哪幾個文件夾)和sync（每個文件夾內有哪些文檔）兩部分。
某網友總結的協議一次回話大致示范：
Client: synckey=0 //第一次key為0
Server: newsynckey=1235434 //第一次返回新key
Client: synckey=1235434 //使用新key查詢
Server: newsynckey=1647645,data=*****//第一次查詢，得到新key和數據
Client: synckey=1647645
Server: newsynckey=5637535,data=null //第二次查詢，無新消息
Client: synckey=5637535
Server: newsynckey=8654542, data=****//第三次查詢，增量同步
上頁中的相鄰請求都是隔固定時間的，如兩分鐘
客戶端每次使用舊key標記自己的狀態，服務端每次將新key和增量數據一起返回。
key是遞增的，但不要求連續
請求的某個參數決定服務器是否立即返回
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