假如有一個數組是這樣子:
var arr1 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];
如何隨機打亂數組順序,也即洗牌。
有一個比較廣為傳播的簡單隨機算法:
function RandomSort (a,b){ return (0.5 - Math.random()); }
實際證明上面這個並不完全隨機。
隨便一搜網上太多這種東西了,看一下stackoverflow上的一個高分回答,答案出自github上。
knuth-shuffle
The Fisher-Yates (aka Knuth) shuffle for Browser and Node.JS
下面一起看看上面說的這個算法,代碼如下:
/*jshint -W054 */ (function (exports) { 'use strict'; // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2450954/how-to-randomize-shuffle-a-javascript-array function shuffle(array) { var currentIndex = array.length , temporaryValue , randomIndex ; // While there remain elements to shuffle... while (0 !== currentIndex) { // Pick a remaining element... randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * currentIndex); currentIndex -= 1; // And swap it with the current element. temporaryValue = array[currentIndex]; array[currentIndex] = array[randomIndex]; array[randomIndex] = temporaryValue; } return array; } exports.knuthShuffle = shuffle; }('undefined' !== typeof exports && exports || 'undefined' !== typeof window && window || global));
作者推薦使用浏覽器寫法:
(function () { 'use strict'; var a = [2,11,37,42] , b ; // The shuffle modifies the original array // calling a.slice(0) creates a copy, which is assigned to b b = window.knuthShuffle(a.slice(0)); console.log(b); }());
Nodejs:
npm install -S knuth-shuffle (function () { 'use strict'; var shuffle = require('knuth-shuffle').knuthShuffle , a = [2,11,37,42] , b ; // The shuffle modifies the original array // calling a.slice(0) creates a copy, which is assigned to b b = shuffle(a.slice(0)); console.log(b); }());
還有其它從這個算法中變形去的,比如下面這個for循環的。其它的就不說了。
/** * Randomize array element order in-place. * Using Durstenfeld shuffle algorithm. */ function shuffleArray(array) { for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1)); var temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } return array; }
使用ES2015(ES6)
Array.prototype.shuffle = function() { let m = this.length, i; while (m) { i = (Math.random() * m--) >>> 0; [this[m], this[i]] = [this[i], this[m]] } return this; }
使用:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].shuffle();
發現中文搜索隨機算法一大堆,但究竟是不是完全隨機,效率和兼容性都有待考究,建議後面如果有需要用到隨機打亂數組元素,可以用上面這個。